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2025 Vol.28, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Common-Mode Noise Attenuation for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data

분포형 음향 계측 자료의 공통모드 잡음 제거 연구

Yongbum Kwon1
,
Woodon Jeong2*
,
Kwon Gyu Park3
,
Changhyun Lee4
권 용범1
,
정 우돈2*
,
박 권규3
,
이 창현4
1Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Earth Environmental System Science & Engineering, Kangwon National University
2Department of Geophysics, Kangwon National University
3Geological Carbon Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
4Deep Geological Disposal & Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
1강원대학교 지구환경시스템융합학과
2강원대학교 지구물리학과
3한국지질자원연구원 탄소저장연구센터
4한국지질자원연구원 방폐물심층처분연구센터
*Corresponding Author
30 November 2025. pp. 172-187
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems utilize optical fiber cables as seismic receivers by emitting light pulses and detecting the resulting minute deformations or vibrations along the fiber through an interrogator unit, thereby enabling the measurement of both strain magnitude and spatial location. While DAS exhibits high sensitivity and can capture even weak seismic signals, it often suffers from low signal-to-noise ratios due to various types of noise, including distinctive patterns not typically found in conventional seismic data. Therefore, target-oriented processing strategies are essential for effective noise suppression. In this study, we focus on common-mode noise, also referred to as horizontal stripe noise, which is caused by external factors such as mechanical vibrations acting on the interrogator. This noise appears as uniform horizontal patterns simultaneously recorded across all channels at specific times and must be removed prior to applying standard seismic processing workflows. Although conventional frequency–wavenumber domain filters can attenuate such noise, their performance often depends heavily on manually selected parameters and may result in unintended signal loss. To address these limitations, we propose a novel method that minimizes signal degradation while effectively isolating common-mode noise. Because common-mode noise exhibits spatial invariance across channels, randomly shuffling the traces disrupts coherent signal components while leaving the noise pattern unchanged. A time–frequency domain filter is then applied to the randomized data to suppress the now-randomized signals and extract the spatially coherent noise. The process is iteratively repeated to enhance robustness. The proposed method is validated on both synthetic and field DAS datasets obtained from a borehole installation, demonstrating effective suppression of common-mode noise with minimal impact on the underlying seismic signals.

Keywords
Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Common-Mode Noise
Time–Frequency Domain Filtering
Randomization

분포형 음향 계측 시스템(Distributed acoustic sensing; DAS)은 광섬유 케이블을 수신기로 이용하는 기술로써, 광섬유 케이블을 따라 이동하는 광펄스를 방출하고 인터로게이터(interrogator)장치를 통해 광섬유내에서 발생하는 미세한 변형이나 진동을 감지하여 변형의 정도와 위치를 기록한다. 분포형 음향 계측은 높은 민감도로 인해 미세한 신호까지 감지할 수 있지만 다양한 종류의 잡음이 함께 기록되어 신호 대 잡음비가 낮다는 특징이 있다. 특히 일반적인 탄성파 탐사 자료에서 관찰할 수 없는 특유한 잡음들이 존재하므로, 이를 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 목표지향적(target oriented) 자료처리 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이 특유한 잡음 중 수평 띠 잡음(horizontal stripe noise)으로도 불리는 공통모드 잡음(common mode noise)을 다루며 이는 인터로게이터 장비의 진동 등 외부 요인으로 인해 발생한다. 공통모드 잡음은 특정 시간대의 모든 채널에서 동일하게 기록되는 수평 패턴의 잡음으로, 기존의 자료처리 작업흐름(workflow)을 적용하기 이전에 반드시 제거되어야 한다. 전통적인 방식인 진동수-파수 영역 필터를 적용할 경우 공통모드 잡음의 제거가 가능하지만, 결과의 품질이 사용자 정의 변수에 매우 의존적이며 유효한 신호의 손실이 발생할 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 분포형 음향 계측 자료의 공통모드 잡음을 효과적으로 제거함과 동시에 신호의 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 새로운 기술을 제안한다. 공통모드 잡음은 채널에 상관없이 동일한 특성을 가지므로, 트레이스를 무작위 재배열하는 경우 신호 요소는 무작위 패턴을 갖는 잡음의 형태로 재배열되고 공통모드 잡음은 기존의 수평적 패턴을 그대로 유지하게 된다. 무작위화 된 자료에 대해 시간-진동수 영역 필터링을 적용하여 잡음으로 변환된 신호 요소를 제거하고 공통모드 잡음을 추출할 수 있으며, 알고리즘의 반복을 통해 보다 견고한 자료처리를 수행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 기법의 효용성을 입증하기 위해 시추공 분포형 음향 계측 합성 자료 및 현장 자료에 적용하였고, 그 결과 공통모드 잡음이 효과적으로 억제됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

키워드
분포형 음향 계측 시스템
공통모드 잡음
간–진동수 영역 필터링
무작위화
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지구물리물리탐사학회
  • Journal Title :Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지구물리와 물리탐사
  • Volume : 28
  • No :4
  • Pages :172-187
  • Received Date : 2025-09-01
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-10
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7582/GGE.2025.28.4.172
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