All Issue

2024 Vol.27, Issue 2

Research Article

Single-Channel Seismic Data Processing via Singular Spectrum Analysis

특이 스펙트럼 분석 기반 단일 채널 탄성파 자료처리 연구

Woodon Jeong1*
,
Chanhee Lee1
,
Seung-Goo Kang2
정 우돈1*
,
이 찬희1
,
강 승구2
1Department of Geophysics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
2Division of Glacier & Earth Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
1강원대학교 지구물리학과
2한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소 빙하지각연구본부
*Corresponding Author
31 May 2024. pp. 91-107
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Single-channel seismic exploration has proven effective in delineating subsurface geological structures using small-scale survey systems. The seismic data acquired through zero- or near-offset methods directly capture subsurface features along the vertical axis, facilitating the construction of corresponding seismic sections. However, substantial noise in single-channel seismic data hampers precise interpretation because of the low signal-to-noise ratio. This study introduces a novel approach that integrate noise reduction and signal enhancement via matrix rank optimization to address this issue. Unlike conventional rank-reduction methods, which retain selected singular values to mitigate random noise, our method optimizes the entire singular value spectrum, thus effectively tackling both random and erratic noises commonly found in environments with low signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, to enhance the horizontal continuity of seismic events and mitigate signal loss during noise reduction, we introduced an adaptive weighting factor computed from the eigenimage of the seismic section. To access the robustness of the proposed method, we conducted numerical experiments using single-channel Sparker seismic data from the Chukchi Plateau in the Arctic Ocean. The results demonstrated that the seismic sections had significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios and minimal signal loss. These advancements hold promise for enhancing single-channel and high-resolution seismic surveys and aiding in the identification of marine development and submarine geological hazards in domestic coastal areas.

Keywords
Single channel seismic survey
Seismic data processing
Denoising
Singular spectrum analysis

단일 채널 탄성파 탐사는 소규모 자료획득 시스템으로 지하 지질구조를 파악하는 효과적인 방법이다. 영벌림거리 혹은 가까운 벌림거리를 사용하여 획득한 단일 채널 탄성파 자료는 연직 방향의 지하 지질구조를 직접 반영하므로 탄성파 단면도를 효과적으로 작성할 수 있다. 그러나 공통중간점 중합 과정을 적용할 수 없어 신호 대 잡음비가 매우 낮으므로 단면에 나타나는 반사 구조의 정밀한 해석에 있어 중합 단면 대비 불리함을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 단일 채널 탄성파 자료의 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시키기 위해 특이 스펙트럼 분석을 기반으로 한 잡음 제거 및 신호 향상 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 특이 스펙트럼 분석 방법은 행렬의 특정 특잇값을 임의로 추출하여 자료 내에 있는 무작위 잡음을 제거하는 방식으로 수행되었으나, 이는 낮은 신호 대 잡음비나 이상 잡음이 있는 자료에 적용할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 행렬의 특잇값을 최적화하고 저계수 근사를 수행하여 무작위 및 이상 잡음을 동시에 효과적으로 제거한다. 또한, 잡음 제거로 인한 신호 손실을 보정하고 탄성파 이벤트의 수평적 연속성을 향상시키기 위해 행렬의 고유 영상에 기반한 가중치를 계산하여 탄성파 단면의 품질을 향상시킨다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 기술의 적용성 및 우수성을 확인하기 위해 북극해 척치해저고원에서 획득한 단일 채널 스파커 탄성파 자료에 대한 자료 처리 실험을 수행하였으며, 수치 예제를 통해 매우 높은 수준의 신호 대 잡음비와 최소의 신호 손실을 가진 탄성파 단면을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 단일 채널 탄성파 자료 처리 기술은 향후 국내 연안지역의 해양개발과 해저 지질재해를 규명하기 위한 단일 채널 및 초고해상도 탄성파 탐사에 매우 효과적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
단일 채널 탄성파 탐사
탄성파 자료처리
잡음 제거
특이 스펙트럼 분석
References
1

Abma, R., and Claerbout, J., 1995, Lateral prediction for noise attenuation by t-x and f-x techniques, Geophysics, 60, 1887-1896.

10.1190/1.1443920
2

Beck, A., and Teboulle, M., 2009, A fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm for linear inverse problems, SIAM Journal of Imaging Sciences, 2, 183-202.

10.1137/080716542
3

Cadzow, J. A., 1988, Signal enhancement - a composite property mapping algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 36, 49-62.

10.1109/29.1488
4

Canales, L., 1984, Random noise reduction, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984, 525-527.

10.1190/1.1894168
5

Candès, E. J., and Plan, Y., 2010, Matrix completion with noise, Proceedings of the IEEE, 98, 925-936.

10.1109/JPROC.2009.2035722
6

Candès, E. J., Romberg, J. K., and Tao, T., 2006, Stable signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 59, 1207-1223.

10.1002/cpa.20124
7

Candès, E. J., Li, X., Ma, Y., and Wright, J., 2011, Robust principal component analysis?, Journal of Association for Computing Machinery, 58, 11:1-11:37.

10.1145/1970392.1970395
8

Chen, K., and Sacchi, M. D., 2015, Robust reduced-rank filtering for erratic seismic noise attenuation, Geophysics, 80, V1-V11.

10.1190/geo2014-0116.1
9

Chen, Y., Fomel, S., and Hu, J., 2014, Iterative deblending of simultaneous-source seismic data using seislet-domain shaping regularization, Geophysics, 79, V179-V189.

10.1190/geo2013-0449.1
10

Chen, Y., Zu, S.,Wang, T., and Chen, X., 2019, Deblending of simultaneous source data using a structure-oriented space-varying median filter, Geophysical Journal International, 216, 1214-1232.

10.1093/gji/ggy487
11

Cheng, J., Chen, K., and Sacchi, M. D., 2015, Application of robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to suppress erratic noise in seismic records, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts2015, 4646-4651.

10.1190/segam2015-5869427.126642941
12

Choi, Y. J., Shin, S. R., Ha, J. H., Chung, W. K., and Kim, W. S., 2014, Velocity model building using waveform inversion from single channel engineering seismic survey, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 17(4), pp. 231-241.

10.7582/GGE.2014.17.4.231
13

Donoho, D. L., 1995, De-noising by soft-thresholding, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 41, 613-627.

10.1109/18.382009
14

Fomel, S., 2007, Local seismic attributes, Geophysics, 72, A29-A33.

10.1190/1.2437573
15

Fomel, S., and Liu, Y., 2010, Seislet transform and seislet frame, Geophysics, 75, V25-V38.

10.1190/1.3380591
16

Gan, S.,Wang, S., Chen, Y., and Chen, X., 2016, Simultaneous-source separation using iterative seislet-frame thresholding, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 13, 197-201.

10.1109/LGRS.2015.2505319
17

Huang, G., Bai, M., Zhao, Q., Chen, W., and Chen, Y., 2021, Erratic noise suppression using iterative structure-oriented space-varying median filtering with sparsity constraint, Geophysical Prospecting, 69, 101-121.

10.1111/1365-2478.13032
18

Huang, W., Wang, R., Gong,X., and Chen, Y., 2017, Iterative deblending of simultaneous-source seismic data with structuring median constraint, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 15, 58-62.

10.1109/LGRS.2017.2772857
19

Huo, S., Luo, Y., and Kelamis, P. G., 2012, Simultaneous source separation via multidirectional vector-median filtering, Geophysics, 77, V123-V131.

10.1190/geo2011-0254.1
20

Ji, H., Huang, S., Shen, Z., and Xu, Y., 2010, Robust video restoration by joint sparse and low rank approximation, SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, 4, 1122-1142.

10.1137/100817206
21

Jun, H., Kim, C.-H., and Kim, H.-J., 2021, Machine-learning based noise attenuation of field seismic data using noise data acquisition, Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 58(5), 408-417.

10.32390/ksmer.2021.58.5.408
22

Kang, S.-G., Jang, U., Kim, S., Choi, Y., Kim, Y.-G., Hong, J. K., and Jin, Y. K., 2021, Exploration of the gas hydrates on the southwestern continental slope of the Chuckchi plateau in the Arctic ocean, Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 58(5), 418-432.

10.32390/ksmer.2021.58.5.418
23

Kim, H. D., and Kim, J. H., 2004, Horizontal distance correction of single channel marine seismic data, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 7(4), 245-250.

24

Kim, W. S., Park, K., Kim, H., Cheong, S., Koo, N., Lee, H., and Park, E., 2010, Detailed processing and analysis on the single-channel seismic data for site survey of Caecheon-Wonsando subsea tunnel, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 13(4), 336-348.

25

Kim, Y., Hardisty, R., and Marfurt, K., 2019, Seismic random noise attenuation in f-x domain using complex-valued residual convolutional neural network, SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts 2019, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2579-2583.

10.1190/segam2019-3216543.1
26

Kluesner, J., Brothers, D., Hart, P., Miller, N., and Hatcher, G., 2019, Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data, Marine Geophysical Research, 40(3), 279-301.

10.1007/s11001-018-9367-2
27

Ko, H. K., Ha, J. H., Chung, W. K., and Shin, S. R., 2014, Seismic attribute analysis and interpretation with single channel seismic data of shallow marine, Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 51(1), 55-67.

10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.1.55
28

Liu, D., Wang, W., Chen, W., Wang, X., Zhou, Y., and Shi, Z., 2018, Random noise suppression in seismic data: What can deep learning do?, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2016-2020.

10.1190/segam2018-2998114.1
29

Lv, H., 2020, Single-channel and multi-channel seismic random noise suppression based on the regularized non-stationary decomposition, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 175, 103986.

10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.103986
30

Mallat, S., 2008, A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing: The Sparse Way, San Diego: Academic.

31

Oropeza, V., and Sacchi, M. D., 2011, Simultaneous seismic data denoising and reconstruction, Geophysics, 76, V25-V32.

10.1190/1.3552706
32

Sacchi, M. D., 2009, FX singular spectrum analysis, CSPG CSEG CWLS Convention, 392-395.

33

Shin, S. R., Chung, W. K., Ha, J. H., and Choi, Y. J., 2017, Seismic waveform inversion method and apparatus for underground velocity information derived from the single-channel seismic data, Korean Intellectual Property Office, KR101695080B1.

34

Si, X., and Yuan, Y., 2018, Random noise attenuation based on residual learning of deep convolutional neural network, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts2018, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1986-1990.

10.1190/segam2018-2985176.1
35

Soubaras, R, 1995, Prestack random and impulsive noise attenuation by f-x projection filtering, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995, 525-527.

10.1190/1.1887383
36

Sternfels, R., Viguier, G., Gondoin, R., and Meur, D. L., 2015, Multidimensional simultaneous random plus erratic noise attenuation and interpolation for seismic data by joint low-rank and sparse inversion, Geophysics, 80, WD129-WD141.

10.1190/geo2015-0066.1
37

Tao, M., and Yuan, X., 2011, Recovering low-rank and sparse components of matrices from incomplete and noisy observations, SIAM Journal of Optimization, 21, 57-81.

10.1137/100781894
38

Toh, K. C. and Yun, S., 2010, An accelerated proximal gradient algorithm for nuclear norm regularized least squares problems, Pacific Journal of Optimization, 6, 615-640.

39

Trickett, S. R., 2003, F-xy eigenimage noise suppression, Geophysics, 68, 751-759.

10.1190/1.1567245
40

Trickett, S. R., 2008, F-xy Cadzow noise suppression: eigenimage processing of seismic sections, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008, 2586-2590.

10.1190/1.3063880
41

Trickett, S. R., Burroughs, L., and Milton, A., 2012, Robust rankreduction filtering for erratic noise, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, 1-5.

10.1190/segam2012-0129.1
42

Ulrych, T. J., Sacchi, M. D., and Freire, S. L. M., 1988, Eigenimage processing of seismic sections, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988, 1261-1265.

10.1190/1.1892508
43

Zhao, Q., Du, Q., Gong, X., and Chen, Y., 2018, Signal-preserving erratic noise attenuation via iterative robust sparsity-promoting filter, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 56, 3547-3560.

10.1109/TGRS.2018.2802462
44

Zheng, Y., Yuan, Y., and Si, X., 2020, The improved DnCNN linear noise attenuation, SEG 2019 Workshop: Mathematical Geophysics: Traditional vs Learning, Beijing, China, Global Meeting Abstracts, 56-59.

10.1190/iwmg2019_14.1
45

Zhou, Z., Li, X., Wright, J., Candès, E. J., and Ma, Y., 2010, Stable principal component pursuit, 2010 IEEE International symposium on Information Theory, 1518-1522.

10.1109/ISIT.2010.5513535
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지구물리물리탐사학회
  • Journal Title :Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지구물리와 물리탐사
  • Volume : 27
  • No :2
  • Pages :91-107
  • Received Date : 2024-03-08
  • Revised Date : 2024-05-19
  • Accepted Date : 2024-05-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7582/GGE.2024.27.2.091
Journal Informaiton Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close